(12) Relative Clauses

1. The Relative Pronouns

Subject	Object	Possessive
who	whom, who	whose
which	which	whose
that	that

လူေတြအတြက္ who, whom ကုိသံုးၿပီး အရာ၀တၳဳေတြအတြက္ which ကုိသံုးတယ္။ that ကုိေတာ့ လူေတြအတြက္ေရာ အရာ၀တၳဳေတြအတြက္ေရာ သံုးတယ္။

Relative pronouns ေတြကို relative clauses ေတြကို အထူးျပဳဖုိ႔၊ လူေတြ အရာ၀တၳဳေတြ အေၾကာင္း ထပ္ေျပာဖုိ႔ သံုးတယ္။

2. Relative clauses to postmodify a noun

Relative clauses ေတြဟာ noun ကိုေနာက္ကေနအထူးျပဳတယ္။ ေျပာလုိက္တဲ့ ပုဂၢိဳလ္၊ အရာ၀တၱဳေတြဟာ ဘယ္ဟာေတြလဲဆုိတာ ပုိမုိရွင္းလင္းေအာင္ ေျပာျပတယ္။ ဒီ clauses ေတြမွာ who, which, whose သုိ႔မဟုတ္ that ဆိုတဲ့ relative pronouns ေတြကိုသံုးတယ္။

As subject

Isn’t that the woman who lives across the road from you?

The police said the accident that happened last night was unavoidable.

The newspaper reported that the tiger which killed its keeper has been put down.

Note: Relative pronoun ဟာ clause ရဲ႕ subject ပဲ။ Subject ကုိ ထပ္မေျပာဘူး။

The woman who [she] lives across the road …

The tiger which [it] killed its keeper …

As Object of a clause

Have you seen those people who we met on holiday?

You shouldn’t believe everything that you read in the newspaper.

The house that we rented in London was fully furnished.

The food was definitely the thing which I enjoyed most about our holiday.

Relative pronoun ဟာ object ျဖစ္တဲ့အခါ ရံခါ who အစား whom ကိုသံုးတယ္။

Have you seen those people whom we met on holiday?

Relative pronoun ဟာ clause ရဲ႕ object ျဖစ္မယ္ဆုိရင္ ရံခါ မထည့္ဘဲ ခ်န္ထားခဲ့လုိ႔ရတယ္။

Have you seen those people we met on holiday?

You shouldn’t believe everything you read in the newspaper.

The house we rented in London was fully furnished.

The food was definitely the thing I enjoyed most about our holiday.

Note: Relative pronoun ဟာ clause ရဲ႕ object ျဖစ္မယ္ဆုိရင္ object ကုိ ထပ္မေျပာဘူး။

Have you seen those people who we met [them] on holiday?

The house that we rented [it] in London was fully furnished.

The food was definitely the thing I enjoyed [it] most about our holiday.

As Object of a preposition

Relative pronouns ေတြဟာ the object of a preposition ျဖစ္ရင္ preposition ကို verb ရဲ႕ ေနာက္မွာ ထားတယ္။

You were talking to a woman> Who was the woman who you were talking to?

My parents live in that house> That’s the house that my parents live in.

You were talking about a book. I haven’t read it. > I haven’t read the book which you were talking about.

Relative pronouns ေတြဟာ the object of a preposition ျဖစ္ရင္ ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ relative pronoun ကို ခ်န္ထားခဲ့တယ္။

Who was the woman you were talking to?

That’s the house my parents live in.

ရံခါ who အစား whom ကုိ သံုးတယ္။

Who was that woman whom you were talking about?

Whom သို႔မဟုတ္ which ကုိသံုးတဲ့အခါ preposition ဟာ ရံခါ clause ရဲ႕ ေရွ႕ကလာတယ္။

I haven’t read the book about which you are talking.

Relative clause ေတြမွာ possessive form – whose ကုိလဲ သံုးႏုိင္တယ္။

I always forget that woman’s name> That’s the woman whose name I always forget.

I met a man whose brother works in Moscow.

3. Times and Places

ဘယ္အခ်ိန္ ဘယ္ေနရာဆုိတာ ရွင္းလင္းေအာင္ ေျပာရန္ အခ်ိန္ကို when နဲ႔ သံုးၿပီး ေနရာကို where နဲ႔ သံုးတယ္။

England won the world cup in 1996. It was the year when we got married.

I remember my twentieth birthday. It was the day when the tsunami happened.

Do you remember the place where we caught the train?

Stratford-upon-Avon is the town where Shakespeare was born.

သုိ႔ေသာ္ when စကားဆက္ကို ခ်န္ထားခဲ့လုိ႔ရတယ္။

England won the world cup in 1996. It was the year we got married.

I remember my twentieth birthday. It was the day the tsunami happened.