(12) Relative Clauses (B)

4. Giving Additional Information

Relative clauses ေတြမွာ ပုဂၢိဳလ္၊ အရာ၀တၳဳေတြအေၾကာင္း ထပ္မံေျပာဆုိဖို႔ who, whom, whose, which တို႔ကုိ သံုးတယ္။ that ကုိေတာ့ မသံုးဘူး။

As subject

My uncle, who was born in Hong Kong, lived most of his life overseas.

I have just read Orwell’s 1984, which is one of the most frightening books ever written.

Note: Relative pronoun ဟာ clause ရဲ႕ subject ျဖစ္တယ္။ Subject ကို ထပ္မသံုးဘူး။

My uncle, who [he] was born in Hong Kong, lived most of his life overseas.

I have just read Orwell’s 1984, which [it] is one of the most frightening books ever written.

As object

We saw the latest Harry Potter film, which we really enjoyed.

My favorite actor is Marlon Brando, who I saw in “On the Waterfront”.

Who အစား whom ကုိ object အျဖစ္သံုးႏုိင္တယ္။

My favorite actor is Marlon Brando, whom I saw in “On the Waterfront”.

Note: Relative pronoun ဟာ clause ရဲ႕ object ျဖစ္တယ္။ Object ကို ထပ္မသံုးဘူး။

We saw the latest Harry Potter film, which we really enjoyed [it].

My favorite actor is Marlon Brando, who I saw [him] in “On the Waterfront”.

As object of a clause

He finally met Paul McCartney, whom he had always admired.

We are going back to Venice, which we first visited thirty years ago.

Who ကုိလဲ အစားထုိးသံုးႏုိင္တယ္။

He finally met Paul McCartney, who he had always admired.

Note: Relative pronoun ဟာ clause ရဲ႕ object ျဖစ္တယ္။ Object ကို ထပ္မသံုးဘူး။

He finally met Paul McCartney, whom he had always admired [him].

We are going back to Venice, which we first visited [it] thirty years ago.

As object of a preposition

He decided to telephone Mrs. Jackson, who he had read about in the newspaper.

That’s the programme which we listened to last night.

Who အစား whom ကိုလဲ သံုးႏုိင္တယ္။

He decided to telephone Mrs. Jackson, whom he had read about in the newspaper.

Preposition ကို whom/ which တုိ႔ရဲ႕ ေရွ႕မွာလဲ ထားႏုိင္တယ္။

He decided to telephone Mrs. Jackson, about whom he had read in the newspaper.

That’s the programme to which we listened last night.

5. Qualifiers and numbers with relative pronouns

ရံခါ qualifiers and numbers ေတြကို relative pronouns ေတြနဲ႔ တြဲသံုးေလ့ရွိတယ္။

Many of whom, most of whom, one of which, none of whom, some of which, lots of whom, two of which, etc.

သူတို႔ကုိ subject, object, object of a preposition အေနနဲ႔ သံုးႏုိင္တယ္။

She has three brothers, two of whom are in the army.

I read three books last week, one of which I really enjoyed.

There were some good programmes on the radio, none of which I listened to.

6. Using which to give more information

Clause အေၾကာင္း ထပ္ဆင့္ေျပာဖုိ႔ relative pronoun – which ကုိလဲသံုးႏုိင္တယ္။

He was usually late, which always annoyed his father.

We’ve missed our train, which means we may be late.