Adverbials

Adverbials

Verb ေတြကို ထပ္မံအားျဖည့္ေပးဖုိ႔၊ မြမ္းမံအထူးျပဳဖုိ႔အတြက္ adverb ကို အသံုးျပဳရပါတယ္။ Adverbials ေတြကုိ အမူအရာျပဖုိ႔၊ ေနရာျပဖို႔၊ အခ်ိန္ အႀကိမ္ျပဖုိ႔၊ ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေျချပဖုိ႔ သံုးပါတယ္။

Adverbials of manner – (အမူအရာျပ)

The children are playing happily.

He was driving as fast as possible.

Adverbials of place – (ေနရာျပ)

I saw him there.

We met in London.

Adverbials of time – (အခ်ိန္ျပ အႀကိမ္ျပ)

They start work at six thirty.

They usually go to work by bus.

Adverbials of possibility – (ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေျချပ)

Perhaps the weather will be fine.

He is certainly coming to the party.

Adverbials (1) – How do we make adverbials?

Adverbial ဟာ adverb လဲျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္။

He spoke angrily.

They live here.

We will be back soon.

Adverb with qualifier လဲျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္။

He spoke really angrily.

They live just here.

We will go quite soon.

We will go as soon as possible.

A phrase with a preposition လဲျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္။

He spoke in an angry voice.

They live in London.

We will go in a few minutes.

Adverbials (2) – Where do they go in a sentence?

ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ adverbial ေတြကုိ verb ရဲ႕ေနာက္မွာ ထားရပါတယ္။

He spoke angrily.

They live in just there.

We will go in a few minutes.

Object ေနာက္၊ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ compliment (အျဖည့္ခံပုဒ္) ေနာက္မွာလဲ ထားရတာမ်ိဳးရွိတယ္။

He opened the door quietly.

She left the money on the table.

We saw our friends last night.

You are looking tired tonight.

သို႔ေသာ္ frequency (how often) ကုိျပတဲ့ adverbial ေတြကုိေတာ့ main verb ရဲ႕ေရွ႕မွာ ထားေလ့ရွိတယ္။

We usually spent our holidays with our grandparents.

I have never seen William at work.

Adverbial ကုိ emphasis လုပ္လုိတဲ့အခါမ်ိဳးမွာ ၀ါက်ရဲ႕ အစဆံုးက ထားရတယ္။

Last night we saw our friends.

In a few minutes we will go.

Very quietly he opened the door.

Adverb of manner ကုိ emphasis လုပ္လုိတဲ့အခါမွာ main verb ရဲ႕ေရွ႕ကထားတယ္။

He quietly opened the door.

She had carefully put the glass on the shelf.

Adverbials (3) – Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of manner ေတြကုိ ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ adjective ေတြကို -ly ဆက္ေပးလုိက္တာပါပဲ။

Bad> badly; quiet> quietly; recent> recently; sudden> suddenly

ရံခါမွာ စားလံုးေပါင္းေျပာင္းလဲတာေလးေတြ ရွိတယ္။

Easy> easily; gently> gently

Adjective ေတြဟာ -ly နဲ႔ ဆံုးေနမယ္ဆုိရင္ manner ကုိေဖာ္ျပဖုိ႔အတြက္ in a ----- way ဆိုတဲ့ phrase နဲ႔ သံုးပါတယ္။

Silly> He behaved in a silly way.

Friendly> She spoke in a friendly way.

အခ်ိဳ႕ adverbs of manner ေတြဟာ adjective နဲ႔ ပံုစံတူျဖစ္ေနတတ္တယ္။

The all worked hard.

She usually arrived late.

I hate driving fast.

Note: hardly/ lately တို႔ဟာ အဓိပၸါယ္ ျခားနားသြားပါတယ္။

He could hardly walk. > It is difficult for him to walk.

I haven’t seen John lately. > I haven’t seen John recently.

အခ်ိဳ႕ phrase ေတြကို adverbials of manner လုိ သံုးပါတယ္။

She slept like a baby.

He ran like a rabbit.

Adverbials (4) – Adverbials of place

Adverbials of place ေတြကုိ location, direction and distance ေတြကို ေဖာ္ျပဖုိ႔ သံုးပါတယ္။

Location (where sth/s is)

ဘယ္မွာရွိတယ္ဆုိတာျပဖုိ႔ preposition ေတြကိုသံုးတယ္။ (adverbial with preposition)

He was standing by the table.

You will find it in the cupboard.

Sign your name here – at the bottom of the page.

Direction (where sth/s is moving)

ဘယ္ဆီ ဘယ္သုိ႔ ဆုိတဲ့ direction ကုိၫႊန္ျပဖို႔အတြက္ adverbial ေတြကုိသံုးတယ္။

Walk past the bank and keep going to the end of the street.

The car door is very small so it’s difficult to get into.

Distance (how far)

ဘယ္ေလာက္ေ၀းတယ္ဆုိတာေျပာဖို႔ adverbial ေတြကိုသံုးတယ္။

Birmingham is 250 kilometres from London.

We were in London. Birmingham is 250 kilometres away.

Adverbials (5) – Adverbials of time

Adverbials of time ကုိ

၁။ ျဖစ္ပ်က္တဲ့အခ်ိန္ကုိေျပာခ်င္ရင္ သံုးတယ္။

I saw Mary yesterday.

She was born in 1978.

I will see you later.

There was a storm during the night.

၂။ ဘယ္ေလာက္ၾကာၾကာျဖစ္တယ္ဆုိတာေျပာခ်င္ရင္ သံုးတယ္။

We waited all day.

They have lived here since 2004.

We will be on holiday from July 1^st until August 3^rd.

၃။ ဘယ္ႏွစ္ႀကိမ္ျဖစ္တယ္ (how often – frequency) ဆိုတာေျပာခ်င္ရင္ သံုးတယ္။

They usually watched television in the evening.

We sometimes went to work by car.

၄။ Adverbials of time အျဖစ္ေအာက္ပါ noun phrase ေတြကုိလဲ မၾကာခဏသံုးေလ့ရွိတယ္။

Yesterday	Last week/ month/ year	One day/ week/ month	Last Saturday
Tomorrow	Next week/ month/ year	The day after tomorrow	Next Friday
Today	This week/ month/ year	The day before yesterday	The other day/ week/ month

Adverbials (6) – Adverbials of probability

Adverbials of probability ကို တစ္စံုတစ္ခု ဘယ္ေလာက္ေသခ်ာသလဲ ဆုိတာ ျပဖုိ႔အတြက္သံုးတယ္။ အသံုးမ်ားတာေတြကေတာ့ -

Certainly, definitely, maybe, possibly

Clearly, obviously, perhaps, probably

Maybe, perhaps တုိ႔ဟာ ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ ၀ါက်ရဲ႕အစမွာ လာေလ့ရွိတယ္။

Perhaps the weather will be fine.

Maybe it won’t rain.

အျခား adverbs of possibility ေတြဟာ ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ main verb ရဲ႕ေရွ႕ကလာတယ္။

He is certainly coming to the party.

Will they definitely be there?

We will possibly come to England next year.

Verb to be ျဖစ္တဲ့ am, is, are, was, were တို႔ရဲ႕ေနာက္မွာထားရတယ္။ သူတုိ႔က main verb ျဖစ္ေနရင္။

They are definitely at home.

She was obviously very surprised.

Adverbials (7) – Comparative Adverbs

ေျပာင္းလဲမႈကုိျပဖုိ႔ ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္မႈကုိ ျပဖုိ႔ comparative adverb ေတြကုိသုံးတယ္။

I forget things more often nowadays.

She began to speak more quickly.

They are working harder now.

Than ကုိ comparative adverb ေတြနဲ႔ မၾကာခဏသံုးေလ့ရွိတယ္။

I forget things more often than I used to.

Girls usually work harder than boys.

ေအာက္ပါ words/ phrases ေတြကို adverb intensifier အျဖစ္သံုးတယ္။

Much; far; a lot; quite a lot; a great deal; a good deal; a good bit; a fair bit

I forget things much more often nowadays.

ေအာက္ပါစကားလံုးေတြကိုေတာ့ adverb mitigator အျဖစ္သံုးတယ္။

A bit; just a bit; a little; a little bit; just a little bit; slightly

She began to speak a bit more quickly.

Adverbials (8) – Superlative adverbs

ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္မႈျပဳလုပ္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ superlative adverbs ေတြကိုသံုးတယ္။

His ankles hurt badly, but his knees hurt worst.

It rains most often at the beginning of the year.

Intensifiers

Superlative adverb ေတြကို intensify လုပ္ခ်င္ရင္ေတာ့ adverb ေရွ႕မွာ the ရံခါ ထည့္ေပးရၿပီး ေအာက္ပါ words/ phrase ေတြကို intensifiers အျဖစ္သံုးပါတယ္။

Easily; much; far; by far

That’s by far the worst film I’ve ever seen.

Going by train is much the best option, I think.

He’s easily the best goalkeeper in the league.

I buy books most often online now. It’s easier.