Nouns

Nouns

Nouns (1) – Count nouns

Count nouns ေတြမွာ singular ႏွင့္ plural ဆိုၿပီး ပံုစံႏွစ္မ်ိဳးရွိတယ္။

Singular noun ေတြက တစ္ခု တစ္ေယာက္ကုိ ၫႊန္းတယ္။

A book; a teacher; a wish; an idea

Plural noun ေတြကေတာ့ တစ္ခု တစ္ေယာက္ထက္ပုိတာေတြကို ၫႊန္းတယ္။

Books; teachers; wishes; ideas

Singular count noun ေတြကို သူတုိ႔ခ်ည္း သက္သက္ သံုးလုိ႔မရဘူး။ determiner တစ္ခုခုထည့္ေပးရတယ္။

The book; the English teacher; a wish; my latest idea; a quantifier

Some new books; a few teachers; lots of good ideas; a numeral

Two new books; three wishes

Plural forms

Plural form ျဖစ္ေအာင္ -s ထည့္ေပး။

Book> books; teacher> teachers; school> schools; friend> friends

-ss, -ch, -s, sh, -x ဆံုးတဲ့ noun ေတြေနာက္မွာေတာ့ -es ထည့္ေပး။

Class> classes; watch> watches; gas> gasses; wish> wishes; box> boxes

Consonant and y ဆံုးမယ္ဆုိရင္ေတာ့ y ျဖဳတ္၊ ies ထည့္ေပး။

Lady> ladies; country> countries; party> parties

သို႔ေသာ္ vowel and y ဆံုးရင္ေတာ့ -s ပဲထည့္ေပး။

Boy> boys; day> days; play> plays

Irregular plural form ေတြလဲ အမ်ားႀကီးရွိတယ္။

Man> men; woman> women; child> children; foot> feet; person> people

Plural count noun ေတြက group အျဖစ္နဲ႔ ပုဂၢိဳလ္၊ အရာ၀တၳဳေတြကုိ ၫႊန္းေနတယ္ဆုိရင္ determiner ထည့္ေပးရန္မလုိပါဘူး။

Computers are very expensive.

Do you sell old books?

Nouns (2) – Uncount nouns

English မွာ uncount noun ဆုိတာ ရွိတယ္။ ဒီ uncount noun ေတြကို plural အျဖစ္မသံုးသလုိ indefinite article – a/an နဲ႔ လဲ မသံုးဘူး။

We ate a lot of foods.> We ate a lot of food.

We bought some new furnitures.> We bought some new furniture.

That’s a useful information.> That’s useful information.

Uncount noun ေတြမွာ အခ်ိဳ႕ qualifier ေတြထည့္သံုးလုိ႔ရတယ္။

He gave some useful advice.

They gave us a lot of information.

Uncount nouns ေတြအျဖစ္ မၾကာခဏ ရည္ၫႊန္းတာကေတာ့-

1. Substances: food; water; wine salt; bread; iron

2. Human feeling or qualities: anger; cruelty; happiness; honesty; pride

3. Activities: help; sleep; travel; work

4. Abstract ideas: beauty; death; fun; life

Common Uncount Nouns

အျခားဘာသာစကားေတြမွာ plural ျဖစ္ေနေပမယ့္ English မွာ သီးသန္႔ အသံုးျပဳေနတဲ့ common uncount noun ေတြရွိတယ္။

Advice	Baggage	Equipment	Furniture
Homework	Information	Knowledge	Language
Traffic	Machinery	Money	news

Let me give you some advice.

How much luggage have you got?

ဒီလိုမ်ိဳး uncount noun ေတြကို count noun လုိ အေရအတြက္ ထည့္သံုးခ်င္ရင္ေတာ့ ေအာက္ပါ expression ေတြနဲ႔သံုးႏုိင္တယ္။

A piece of; pieces of; a bit of; bits of; an item of; items of, etc.

Let me give you a piece of advice.

That’s a useful piece of equipment.

We bought a few bits of furniture for the new apartment.

She had six separate items of luggage.

Note: accommodation; money; traffic တို႔ကုိေတာ့ ဒီနည္းနဲ႔ မသံုးဘူး။

Nouns (3) – Count/ uncount nouns – common problems

1. Uncount nouns used as count nouns

ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ substances ေတြဟာ uncount noun ေတြျဖစ္ေပမယ့္ count noun အျဖစ္ သံုးရတယ္။

Would you like some coffee?

Coffee keeps me awake at night.

Wine makes me sleep.

ေအာက္မွာလဲ count noun လုိ သံုးထားတာ ေတြႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

I’d like a coffee please. = I’d like a [cup of] coffee.

May I have a white wine? = May I have a [glass of] white wine?

They sell a lot of coffees. = They sell a lot of [different kinds of] coffee.

I prefer white wines to red. = I prefer [different kinds of] white wine to red.

They had over twenty cheeses on sale. = They had over twenty [type of] cheese on sale.

This is an excellent soft cheese. = This [kind of] soft cheese is excellent.

2. Some nouns have both a count and an uncount form.

We should always have hope.

George had hopes for promotion.

Travel is a great teacher.

Where did you go on your travels?

3. Nouns with two meanings, one count and the other uncount

His life was in danger.

There is a serious danger of fire.

Linguistics is a study of language.

Is English a difficult language?

It’s made of paper.

The Times is an excellent paper.

Other words like this are:

Business; death; industry; marriage; power; property; tax; time; victory; use; work

4. Uncount nouns that end in –s

-S ဆံုးတဲ့ uncount noun ေတြဟာ plural ပံုစံျဖစ္ေနေပမယ့္ singular ေတြပါ။

ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ေတြ႔ရတတ္တာကေတာ့

Subjects of study: mathematics; physics; economics; etc.

Activities: gymnastics; athletics; etc.

Games: cards; darts; billiards; etc.

Diseases: mumps; measles; rabies, etc.

Economics is a very difficult subject.

Billiards is easier than pool or snooker.

5. Group nouns

Army ကဲ့သုိ႔ အခ်ိဳ႕ noun ေတြက groups of people, animals, things ေတြကို ရည္ၫႊန္းတယ္။ သူတုိ႔ကို singular အျဖစ္နဲ႔ျဖစ္ေစ၊ plural အျဖစ္နဲ႔ျဖစ္ေစ သံုးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

Army; audience; committee; company; crew; enemy; family; flock; gang; government; group; herd; media; public; regiment; staff; team

ဒီ unoun ေတြကို singular/ plural ႏွစ္မ်ိဳး သင့္သလုိ သံုးလုိ႔ရတယ္။

My family is very dear to me.

I have a large family. They are very dear to me. (the members of my family)

The government is very unpopular.

The government are always changing their minds.

Group ကို တစ္ခုတည္းအျဖစ္ယူဆရင္ singular သံုးတယ္။

The audience always enjoys the show.

The group consists of two men and three women.

Group အဖြဲ႕၀င္ေတြကုိ ရည္ရြယ္ရင္ plural သံုးတယ္။

The audience clapped their hands.

The largest group are the boys.

The names of many organizations and teams are also group nouns, but they are usually plural in Spoken English.

Barcelona are wining 2-0.

The United Oil Company are putting prices up by 12%.

6. Two Parts Nouns

ႏွစ္ခုရွိတဲ့အရာေတြကုိ ရည္ၫႊန္းတဲ့ nouns ေတြကုိ plural အျဖစ္ေတြ႕ရမယ္။ binoculars ဆုိတဲ့ စကားလံုးလုိမ်ိဳးေပါ့။

Glasses; jeans; knickers; pincers; pants; pliers; pajamas; scissors; shorts; spectacles; tights; trainers; trousers; tweezers

These binoculars are very expensive.

Those trousers are too long.

ဒီလုိမ်ိဳး အရာေတြထဲက item တစ္ခုခု ကုိေျပာခ်င္ရင္ ရွင္းလင္းေအာင္ a pair of ထည့္ေပးရတယ္။

I need a new pair of spectacles.

I’ve bought a pair of new jeans.

တစ္ခုထက္ပိုေျပာခ်င္ရင္ pairs of ထည့္ေပးေပါ့။

We’ve got three pairs of scissors, but they are all blunt.

I always carry two pairs of binoculars.

Nouns (4) – Proper nouns

People, places, organizations ေတြရဲ႕ အမည္ကုိ proper noun လို႔ေခၚပါတယ္။ စာလံုးအႀကီး (Capital Letter) နဲ႔ စေရးေလ့ရွိတယ္။

Mohammed Ali, Birmingham, China, Oxford University, the United Nations

Festivals ေတြရဲ႕ အမည္ကိုလဲ capital letter နဲ႔ေရးတယ္။

Christmas, Deepawali, Easter, Ramadam, Thanksgiving, Vesak

တစ္ေယာက္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ title (someone’s title) ေတြကိုလဲ capital letter နဲ႔ေရးတယ္။

I was talking to Doctor Wilson recently.

Everything depends on President Obama.

Books, films, plays, paintings ေတြရဲ႕အမည္ေတြထဲမွာပါတဲ့ nouns, adjectives, verbs ေတြကုိလဲ capital letter နဲ႔ေရးတယ္။

I have been reading ‘The Old Man and the Sea’.

Beatrix Potter wrote ‘The Tale of Peter Rabbit’.

You can see the Mona Lisa in the Louvre.

ရံခါ လူေတြရဲ႕ နာမည္ေတြကုိ သူတုိ႔ တည္ထြင္ ဖန္တီးထားတဲ့အရာေတြ ေျပာဖုိ႔အတြက္ သံုးတယ္။

Recently a Van Gogh was sold for fifteen million dollars.

We were listening to Mozart.

I’m reading an Agatha Christie.