Verbs Part IV

Verbs (19) – Modal Verbs

Modal verbs ေတြကေတာ့

can – could,

may – might,

shall – should,

will – would တို႔ပါပဲ။

Modal verbs ေတြကုိ ေသခ်ာမႈ ရွိမရွိ၊ ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေျခရွိမရွိ၊ ျဖစ္ႏုိင္မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ဆိုတာေျပာဖို႔အတြက္၊ ထုိ႔အျပင္ စြမ္းရည္၊ ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္၊ ေတာင္းပန္ခ်က္၊ ကမ္းလွမ္းခ်က္စသည္တို႔အတြက္ သံုးပါတယ္။

1. Certain, Probable, Possible

Modal verbs ေတြကေတာ့ can, could, may, might, shall, should, will would ေတြပါပဲ။ တစ္ခုခု ေသခ်ာတယ္၊ ျဖစ္ႏုိ္င္ေျခရွိတယ္၊ ျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္ဆိုတာ ျပဖုိ႔ သံုးတယ္။

Possibility

Modals – could, might, may တို႔ကုိ အနာဂတ္မွာ တစ္စံုတစ္ရာ ျဖစ္ေတာ့ျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္၊ မေသခ်ာဆုိတာေျပာဖို႔ သံုးတယ္။

They might come later. (Perhaps/ Maybe they will come later.)

They may come by car. (Perhaps/ Maybe they will come by car.)

If we don’t hurry we could be late. (Perhaps/ Maybe we will be late.)

Could have, might have, may have တို႔ကို တစ္စံုတစ္ခုဟာ အခုျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္၊ သို႔မဟုတ္ အတိတ္တစ္ခ်ိန္ခ်ိန္ကျဖစ္ႏုိင္တယ္ဆုိတာျပဖုိ႔ သံုးတယ္။

It’s ten o’clock. They might have arrived now.

They could have arrived hours ago.

Modal – can ကို ျဖစ္ႏုိင္တဲ့အေၾကာင္း ေယဘုယ်ေျပာျပတာေတြမွာ သံုးတယ္။ (general statements)

It can be very cold in winter. (It is sometimes very cold in winter.)

You can easily lose your way in the dark. (People often lose their way in the dark.)

Modal – could ကုိေတာ့ past tense of can မွာ သံုးတယ္။

It could be very cold in winter. (Sometimes it was very cold in winter.)

You could lose your way in the dark. (People often lost their way in the dark.)

Impossibility

Can’t or cannot ကုိ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္တာ ေျပာဖုိ႔သံုးတယ္။

That can’t be true.

You cannot be serious.

Couldn’t or could not ကို အတိတ္အေၾကာင္းေျပာတဲ့အခါသံုးတယ္။

We knew it could not be true.

He was obviously joking. He could not be serious.

Probability

Modal – must ကို တစ္ခုခု မွန္တာ ေသခ်ာတယ္၊ ယံုၾကည္ေလာက္တဲ့အေၾကာင္း ရွိတယ္ဆုိရင္ သံုးတယ္။

It’s getting dark. It must be quite late.

You haven’t eaten all day. You must be hungry.

Must have ကုိ အတိတ္အတြက္သံုးတယ္။

They hadn’t eaten all day. They must have been hungry.

You look happy. You must have heard the good news.

Modal – should ကုိ အနာဂတ္မွာ တစ္ခုခု မွန္တယ္၊ မွန္မယ္ဆုိတာ အႀကံျပဳဖုိ႔၊ သို႔မဟုတ္ အႀကံေပးစရာရွိေနတယ္ဆုိရင္ သံုးတယ္။

Ask Miranda. She should know.

It’s nearly six o’clock. They should arrive soon.

Should have ကို အတိတ္အေၾကာင္း ေျပာဖုိ႔သံုးတယ္။

It’s nearly eleven o’clock. They should have arrived by now.

2. Ability, Permission, Requests and Advice

Can – could, may – might, shall – should, will – would ဆုိတဲ့ Modal verbs ေတြကို ability, permission, requests, advice စသည့္အေၾကာင္းေျပာရာမွာသံုးတယ္။

Ability

Can ကုိ ကၽြမ္းက်င္မႈ၊ စြမ္းရည္အေၾကာင္း ေျပာဖုိ႔သံုးတယ္။ (skill or general abilities)

She can speak several languages.

He can swim like a fish.

They can’t dance very well.

Can ကုိ present or future တစ္ခ်ိန္ခ်ိန္မွာ စြမ္းရည္ (ability) ကုိေျပာဖုိ႔သံုးတယ္။

You can make a lot of money if you are lucky.

Help. I can’t breath.

They can run but they can’t hide.

Could ကုိေတာ့ အတိတ္ (past) က စြမ္းရည္အတြက္ေျပာတဲ့အခါသံုးတယ္။

She could speak several languages.

She couldn’t dance very well.

Could have ကို တစ္ခုခုလုပ္ဖုိ႔ စြမ္းရည္၊ အခြင့္အေရးရွိခဲ့တယ္၊ ဒါေပမယ့္ မလုပ္ႏုိင္ခဲ့တာကုိ ေျပာရင္ သံုးတယ္။

She could have danced Swahili, but she didn’t have time.

I could have danced all night [but didn’t].

Permission

Can ကို တစ္ခုခု လုပ္ဖို႔ ခြင့္ေတာင္းရာမွာ သံုးတယ္။ (permission to do sth)

Can I ask a question please?

Can we go home now?

Could is more form and polite than can.

Could I ask a question please?

Could we go home now?

May is another more formal and polite way of asking for permission.

May I ask a question please?

May we go home now?

ခြင့္ေပးရာမွာ can ကုိသံုးတယ္။

You can go home now if you like.

You can borrow my pen if you like.

May is more formal and polite way of giving permission.

You may go home now if you like.

တစ္ခုခုုလုပ္ဖုိ႔ ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္ရွိတာကိုေျပာဖုိ႔ can ကုိသံုးတယ္။

We can go out whenever we want.

Students can travel free.

Instructions and Requests

ယဥ္ယဥ္ေက်းေက်း ခုိင္းခ်င္ရင္ could you, would you ကုိသံုးတယ္။

Could you take a message please?

Would you carry this for me please?

Could I have my bill please?

Can/ will are less polite.

Can you take a message please?

Will you carry this for me please?

Suggestions and Advice

အႀကံျပဳဖုိ႔၊ အႀကံေပးဖို႔ should ကိုသံုးတယ္။ (make suggestions and give advice)

You should send an email.

We should go by train.

အႀကံျပဳဖို႔ could ကုိသုံုးတယ္။ (make suggestions)

We could meet at the weekend.

You could eat out tonight.

အႀကံျပဳဖို႔ conditionals ကိုလဲသံုးတယ္။

Dan will help you if you ask him.

Past tenses are more polite.

Dan would help you if you asked him.

Offers and Invitations

Can I ကုိ ကမ္းလွမ္းခ်က္လုပ္ဖို႔ (make offers) သံုးတယ္။

Can I help you?

Can I do that for you?

Shall, may တို႔ကုိလဲ သံုးတယ္။

Shall I help you with that?

Shall I call you on your mobile?

May I help you with that?

ကမ္းလွမ္းခ်က္ကို (make an offer) I can, I could, I’ll (I will) တုိ႔နဲ႔လဲ သံုးတယ္။

I can do that for you if you like.

I can give you a lift to the station.

I’ll do that for you if you like.

I’ll give you a lift to the station.

Would you like (to) ကုိ invitations အတြက္သံုးတယ္။

Would you like to come round tomorrow?

Would you like another drink?

You must, we must ကေတာ့ ပိုယဥ္ေက်းတယ္။ (a very polite invitation)

You must come round and see us.

We must meet again soon.

Obligation and Necessity

တစ္ခုခု လုပ္ဖို႔လိုအပ္တာကိုေျပာဖုိ႔ must ကုိသံုးတယ္။

You must stop at a red light.

Everyone must bring something to eat.

You can wear what you like, but you must look neat and tidy.

I’m sorry, but you mustn’t make a noise in here.

ဒီလုိအေျခအေနမ်ိဳးကို အတိတ္အတြက္ေျပာလုိ႔ရွိရင္ had to ကိုသံုးရတယ္။

Everyone had to bring something to eat.

We could wear what we liked, but we had to look neat and tidy.